The role and structure of automobile half shaft (drive shaft)

Driver Shaft is also called drive shaft (CVJ), which connects the differential with the drive wheels. The half shaft is the shaft that transmits torque between the gearbox reducer and the driving wheel. There is a universal joint (U/JOINT) at the inner and outer ends of the shaft, which is connected to the reducer gear and the inner ring of the hub bearing through the spline on the universal joint. .
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The role of automobile axle shaft
The half shaft transfers the power from the differential to the left and right driving wheels.
The half shaft is a solid shaft that transmits large torque between the differential and the drive axle. Its inner end is generally connected with the side gear of the differential by a spline, and the outer end is connected to the drive by means of flange disc or spline. The wheel shells of the wheels are connected.
Automobile half shaft structure
The half shaft is used to transmit power between the differential and the drive wheels. The half shaft is the shaft that transmits the torque between the gearbox reducer and the driving wheel. Generally, it used to be mostly solid. Because the hollow shaft is easier to control unbalanced rotation, now, many cars use a hollow shaft, and the half shaft has a universal shaft at its inner and outer ends. The U/JOINT is connected to the gear of the reducer and the inner ring of the hub bearing through the spline on the universal joint.
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Automobile axle shaft classification
The semi-axles commonly used in modern cars are classified into full-floating and semi-floating according to their different supporting types. (There are also three types, namely full-floating, 3/4-floating, and semi-floating)
Full floating half shaft
The semi-axle that only bears torque when working, and does not bear any force or bending moment at its two ends is called a full-floating semi-axle. The outer flange of the half shaft is fastened to the hub with bolts, and the hub is mounted on the half shaft sleeve through two bearings far apart. Structurally, the inner end of the full-floating half shaft is made of splines, the outer end is made of flanges, and there are several holes on the flanges. Because of its reliable work, it is widely used in commercial vehicles.
3/4 floating half shaft
In addition to bearing the full torque, it also bears a part of the bending moment. The most prominent structural feature of the 3/4 floating half shaft is that there is only one bearing at the outer end of the half shaft, which supports the wheel hub. Due to the poor supporting rigidity of a bearing, in addition to the torque, this kind of semi-axle also bears the bending moment caused by the vertical force, driving force and lateral force between the wheel and the road surface. 3/4 floating half shafts are rarely used in automobiles.
Semi-floating half shaft
The semi-floating half shaft is directly supported on the bearing located in the inner hole of the outer end of the axle housing with a journal close to the outer end. The end of the half shaft is fixedly connected to the hub with a journal and a key with a tapered surface, or directly connected with a flange The wheel disc and the brake hub are connected. Therefore, in addition to transmitting torque, it must also bear the bending moment caused by the vertical force, driving force and lateral force transmitted by the wheel. Semi-floating semi-axle has simple structure, low quality, and low cost, so it is applied to passenger cars and some vehicles of the same use.
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Common faults of half shaft
If the car owner hears abnormal noises from the direction of the half-axis of the car while driving, he should stop and check carefully.
Under the action of long-term torsional fatigue and impact, the semi-axles of automobiles are prone to bend, twist and break, and spline teeth wear or skew. For the fracture of the half shaft, there are the following morphological types:
(1) The half-shaft hair blue plate falls off or cracks;
(2) The half-shaft shaft is flush and fractured;
(3) Spiral fracture of the half shaft;
(4) Mixed fractures and cracks in the shaft of the half shaft;
(5) The spline of the half shaft is broken;
(6) Fractures and cracks in other topography of the half shaft.
If these conditions occur, the car should be driven to the auto repair shop or 4S shop for repair or replacement in time.
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